Paul Thomas Anderson has made nine features since 1997. Every one of them is at least worth your time. Only one of them might be the greatest American film made this century.

This list ranks all nine from good to essential, building toward number one. The criteria: formal ambition, emotional weight, rewatch value, and the amount of space each film occupies in your head after the credits roll.

Anderson's filmography is unusually consistent for a director of his ambition. Even his most divisive work has fierce defenders. The challenge is not separating the failures from the successes. There are no failures. The difficulty is deciding which films live in the shadow of the others.